Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury | an analytical book review


Hey y'all! I am on a mission to read more classic books and write analytical reviews on them this year. For my first, I read Fahrenheit 451. If you want to see my thoughts on it, keep reading!

Ray Bradbury created his most famous piece, Fahrenheit 451, by using exaggerative faults of society to tell the thought-provoking story of a world, not wholly unlike this one, in desperate need of re-examination. Fahrenheit 451 begins with the opening line: "It was a pleasure to burn" (3), which resonates throughout the entire book in intriguing ways. Main character, Guy Montag, has only one job; to burn all illegal books and the homes harbouring them. When he begins, he carries out his duties to the fullest by burning all literary devices without batting an eye. He soon began to open his eyes to the horror of his world however, when he develops a friendship with his neighbour named Clarisse McClellan who urges Montag to re-examine his life and actions. After causing the death of an elderly woman, he realizes that although he thought he was serving society as a fireman, he was actually an instrument of destruction.


            Montag resolves to change his ways for the better. After stealing a book from one of the homes from his calls, he steadily changes into an enlightened man who wishes to change the world. However, when his wife reports him to his own fire department, he is forced to flee all that he knew to save his life and keep the knowledge that he gained from the books safe. During his flight, he meets a group of former professors, authors, and intellectuals who have memorized literary works so that they might, one day, be printed and recreated. Deciding to join them, he vows to begin anew. After atomic bombs from the war flatten the city, Montag does not become saddened, rather, he becomes excited as he and his group plan to foster a society where books and free-thought can flourish.
            By creating a dystopian novel, Bradbury sends a warning to the reader to never lose the ability to think for one's self. He also uses the books and their messages, specifically, Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Bible, to represent various opinions and ideas from other people. "White people don’t feel good about Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Burn it. Take your fight outside. Better yet, into the incinerator." (59). Burning the books symbolise consciously disregarding someone else's opinions because they may differ from the masses' or make someone uncomfortable. In looking at censorship in Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury sends a very direct message showing readers what can happen if they allow the government to take total control of what they do or do not, read, watch, and discuss. Through the book, Bradbury shows the reader how high in esteem he holds literature and how he thinks it affects the mind. Bradbury creates the dystopian novel to remind the reader that the "parlour walls" can only distract one from reality; books help one to see its many facets.
            Fahrenheit 451 has a general theme that focuses on the battle between man versus society where the main character tries to fight the censorship constantly pressed upon him. Although he never explicitly mentions the word censor, Bradbury sends a direct message that he has concerns for society and its tendency to stop people from thinking freely. In Fahrenheit 451, censorship is shown through the fireman system which prevents education and the freedom of expression by burning books. Bradbury also shows this by portraying society's obsession with visual entertainment. His society no longer seeks out cover-to-cover entertainment, but instant gratification that comes in the form of television and radios. This allows the government to control everything that the citizens use for entertainment to turn them into virtual zombies. Mildred Montag, the wife of Guy Montag, lives the typical lifestyle of a person brainwashed by humanity. She distances herself from real life by identifying with "The Family", a three-dimensional television programme in which she plays a scripted part. Her desire for a fourth wall of television suggests that she no longer wants a part of the programme, but instead, would prefer to become so submerged in the fantasy, that she withdraws from her roles as a wife and human being (19). By continually suppressing any form of knowledge from outside sources, like literary devices, the government converts the people into mindless citizens that ask no questions.
            In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses formal diction. Through the entirety of the novel, the author employs figurative languages and enriches his story with description. Bradbury uses long sentences at times to leave nothing to the imagination. He exquisitely describes the Mechanical Hound using metaphor and simile, "It was like a great bee came home from some field where the honey is full of poison wildness, of insanity and nightmare, its body crammed with that over-rich nectar and now it was sleeping the evil out of itself" (24). Sprinkled throughout the novel, Bradbury also makes the stylistic choice of using comma splices instead of reworking or creating a new sentence. Throughout the novel, he uses extensive dialogue and reserves non-dialogue scenes for description, action, or reflection. By using rich language, he brings his story to life and adds greater depth to its meaning.
            Anyone that reads Fahrenheit 451 would probably take something from it, but it would have a particular impact on someone that is familiar with technology and has experienced consequences when one prioritizes it. Because of this, Fahrenheit 451 would have the greatest impact on young adults and teenagers. At these ages, one has just begun to form and develop opinions while also dealing with exposure from outside sources like more mature individuals, technology and media which may cause them to sway. Bradbury's book would encourage them to think for themselves despite what the media or government say. While the book would greatly influence younger readers, Fahrenheit 451 has educational and interesting moments for all ages.
If one understood it, after reading the book, the reader should likely examine his or her life to ensure that he does not practice any of the habits displayed in the book. By setting the story in an unspecified future, it allows the reader to better relate to the idea of what would happen if one became too lazy to think for himself. It encourages the reader to consider everything; his relationships, beliefs, career, and life as a whole. Even though Bradbury wrote the book years ago, it still applies to this day and age. This book gives a compelling glance at the lifecycle that many people settle for, albeit less dramatized, when they live a life based on instant gratification.
Throughout the entirety of the book, Bradbury has an exceedingly negative attitude towards technology and a rebellious one towards society. He sees technology as having two distinct roles; to act as a drug that brainwashes people, and as a destroyer of pure life. Therefore, whenever he speaks of it, he often associates the item with something bad. When describing the television room, he writes, "You can shut them, say, 'Hold on a moment.' … But who has ever torn himself from the claw that encloses you when you drop a seed in a TV parlour?" (138) to show that the idea that television parlours overwhelm common sense which has disastrous effects. Bradbury writes the novel to show his distaste for banning of books. By doing so, and creating a world where the people become small-minded, he shows his rebellious attitude. He also displays his defiant mindset through the main character, Montag, who eventually resolves to create a new world by rebelling.
Due to its futuristic setting and warning tone, Fahrenheit 451 falls under categories of both science-fiction and dystopian literature. His novel categorizes itself as science-fiction because Bradbury creates advanced technology like the mechanical hound and the wall-to wall television rooms. Additionally, the book also falls under a text-book definition of dystopia. Fahrenheit 451 represents a future American society where books are forbidden so that people will stop thinking for themselves and "firemen" have permission to burn any they may come across. Bradbury paints a picture of a future society defined by excessive authoritative control and limited personal freedom. By intertwining the two genres, science-fiction and dystopia, Bradbury effectively creates a book that encompasses both reality with fantasy to create an entirely unique reading experience.
This novel focuses almost entirely on the protagonist, Guy Montag, and his development while the other characters mature very little yet play an active role in building the storyline. Because Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel, while Montag acts as the protagonist, rather than having a person play the antagonist, Bradbury chooses society in its totality to play the adversary. Montag also epitomizes the sterotypycal character as a caucasian, married, fireman with "black hair, black brows…fiery face, and …blue-steel shaved but unshaved look." (17). While Bradbury considers society as the antagonist of the novel, he used Captain Beatty, Montag's boss, as its vessel. Beatty fully encompasses the effects of living the exact life that society created. Through him, society is able to take human form and castigate Montag for not becoming a thoughtless citizen. Although the book focuses on Montag, the supporting characters work to improve the plot.
            Many aspects of Fahrenheit 451 contribute to making the novel impactful, but its futuristic setting and powerful commentary on mankind's urge to suppress what it does not understand, makes the novel a classic. His book is successful because, although it may seem entirely far-fetched, he manages to sum up the direction that the world has taken.  Bradbury opens and closes the novel with the most prominent symbol; fire. Despite the fact it begins as a destructive force, immolating books and the freedom it represents, fire becomes a sign of hope where Montag dreams that out of the ashes of the old city, the Pheonix of a new civilization will arise (163). While the book did not end in a happy ever after or complete despair as typical with dystopias, Montag's resolution to contribute to creating a new society concludes the novel justly. Long after reading this piece, the strength of Bradbury's vision of the future will remain etched in the mind of the reader.

Overall? Would I read it again? Probably not. That's usually a sign that it wasn't very impactful in any way. Even though it wasn't my favourite book that I've ever read but, at the end of the day, I'm glad that I did. I've always wanted to read a classic dystopian novel, so I decided to get it over with since it's been on my shelf for years. 

What about you, have you read Fahrenheit 451? Would you read it again? Recommend it? Let me know!


Chow xoxo,
The Novel Theorist

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